CHAPTER 6 OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BOOK OF THE DEAD: TEXT AND VIGNETTES OF THE “THEBAN EDITION”
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Abstract
Translation of the text and review of the vignettes of Chapter 6 of the Book of the Dead in its so-called “Theban Edition” (New Kingdom) are proposed in this article. The text of the Chapter 6 is a magical formula dedicated to the shabti funeral figurines that were an important part of the Egyptian burial inventory for two millennia – from the late Middle Kingdom to the early Ptolemaic Period. The earliest textual parallels to the text of Chapter 6 of the Book of the Dead go back to the Spell 472 of the Coffin Texts on two objects from the middle 12th Dynasty from Deir el-Bershe. Since the 13th Dynasty, this text was recorded on the funerary statuettes from Abydos and Lisht, and pseudo-naos from Abydos. Later the text of Chapter 6 is found in all chronological editions of the Book of the Dead. A total of 167 documents with its text and/or vignettes are known. In addition, the text of Chapter 6 was often placed on the shabti statuettes. In particular, in the funds of the Odesa Archaeological Museum there are seven shabtis of various historical periods with the text of this spell. In the “Theban edition” of the Book of the Dead, the Chapter 6 is known for twelve rolls. It also has textual parallels on the number of monuments of the New Kingdom (excluding shabtis). Illustrations to Chapter 6 are represented in five rolls (four – 18th Dynasty and one – 19th Dynasty), one funerary shroud and the painting of the one tomb. Iconographic construction has two types: A – “deceased before Osiris” and B – “shabti-figurine” (by I. Munro). With the end of New Kingdom illustrations to Chapter 6 gradually disappear. Only two documents of the 21st Dynasty had its illustrations. In the Late Edition of the Book of the Dead, the Chapter 6 continues to be written, but is completely devoid of illustrations. The closest iconographic parallels to the illustrations of Chapter 6 are the vignettes of Chapter 25 of the Book of the Dead that correspond to the iconography of type A. The Chapter 6 has been repeatedly translated into European languages, but its Ukrainian translation is carried out for the first time in this article. The translation was made after two documents of the “Theban edition” that are well preserved and belong to different local centers – Thebes and Memphis. These are the papyri of Nww pLondon BM EA 10477 and Nb-snj pLondon BM EA 9900. The translation is accompanied by comments and a glossary.
How to Cite
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ancient Egypt, Book of the Dead, Chapter 6, shabtis, translation, vignettes
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