KHVĀNSĀRI DIALECT AND ITS POSITION AMONG CENTRAL DIALECTS OF IRAN
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Abstract
Khvānsāri is one of the dialects of the central regions of Iran, which is, more or less, prevalent today in the city of Khvānsār. Khvānsār is one of the cities of Isfahan province located on the northwest of this province. The new Iranian languages are divided into two groups: Western and Eastern. New Eastern Iranian languages are spoken outside the current borders of Iran. But New Western Iranian languages are predominantly spoken in Iran and in several other countries. The New Western Iranian languages are divided into two groups: Northern and Southern. The most important member of the New Southwestern group is Persian, which has been the dominant language of the Iranian plateau for over a millennium. The Northwestern Iranian languages include several different groups. The following languages are the members of the New Northwestern Iranian languages: Gilaki, Māzandarāni, Baluchi, Kurdish, Howrāmi, Laki, Tāti, Tāleshi, Semnāni, Central dialects of Iran, and etc. Central dialects of Iran are commonly spoken in the regions of Isfahan, Tehran, Hamedan, and Yazd. The classification of the Central dialects of Iran due to the dispersion of these dialects and the existence of multiple isoglosses between them is not easy. Nevertheless, the Central dialects of Iran can be divided into five general groups: 1) the Western group, 2) the North-Central group, 3) the Southern group, 4) the Eastern group, 5) the Northwestern group. According to the general view, Khvānsāri belongs to the Western group of Central dialects of Iran, along with the Mahallāti, Vāneshāni, Bijagāni, Delijāni, and some varieties around the Delijān such as Qālhari, Narāqi, and Vārāni. The speakers of the Central dialects usually name their dialects after the name of the place. These dialects have been propagated in the territories of ancient Media. In spite of belonging to the northern branch of New Western Iranian languages, in Khvānsāri there are some phonological and lexical features that other Central dialects of Iran lack. This paper focuses on studying these features of Khvānsāri and comparing them with other dialects of the central regions of Iran.
How to Cite
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Iranian Central Dialects, Iranian Languages, Khvānsāri, New Northwestern Iranian Dialects
Akbarpour J. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Māzandarān 1–2) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Māzandarān Province 1–2)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Aliyari Babolghani S. (2017), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Haft Guyeš az Hašiye-ye Zāgros) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Seven Dialects from the Zagros Periphery)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Amiri H. (2000), Farhang-e Loghāt-e Khvānsār [A Dictionary of Khvānsāri], Paymān, Tehran. (In Persian).
Ashrafi Khvānsāri M. (2004), Guyeš-e Khvānsāri [Khvānsāri Dialect], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran. (In Persian).
Bartholomae, Ch. (1904), Altiranisches Wörterbuch, Karl J. Trübner, Strassburg.
Behju Z. (2005), “Vājšenāsi-ye Guyeš-e Khvānsāri”, Guyeš-šenāsi [“The Phonology of Khvānsāri Dialect”, Dialectology], no. 1, pp. 40–64. (In Persian).
Borjian H. (2013), “Ḵvānsār i. Historical Geography”, Encyclopedia Iranica, available at: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kvansar-i-geography
Borjian H. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Esfahān 2) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Isfahan Province 2)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Cheung J. (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb, Brill, Leiden and Boston.
Durkin-Meisterernst D. (2004), Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian, Turnhout, Brepols.
Edel’man D. I. (2011), Etimologicheskij slovarʹ iranskih jazykov, T. 4, Vostochnaya literatura RAN, Moscow. (In Russian).
Eilers W. and Schapka U. (1976), Westiranische Mundarten aus der Sammlung Wilhelm Eilers, Band I, Die Mundart von Chunsar, Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden.
Esmaili M. M. (2011), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Esfahān 1) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Isfahan Province 1)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Hadank K. (1926), Die Mundarten von Khunsār, Mahallāt, Natänz, Nāyin, Sämnān, Sîvänd und Sô-Kohrûd, Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin and Leipzig.
Hassandoust M. (2011), Farhanf-e Taṭbiqi-Moẓo’i-e Zabanhā va Guyešhā-ye Irāni-ye No [A Comparative-Thematic Dictionary of the New Iranian Languages and Dialects], 2 vols, The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Hassandoust M. (2014), Farhanf-e Rišešenāxti-e Zabān-e Fārsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language], 5 vols, The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Krahanke K. J. (1976), Linguistic Relationships in Central Iran, PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, Michigan.
Lecoq P. (1989), “Les dialectes du centre de l’Iran”, in Schmitt R. (ed.), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 313–26.
MacKenzie D. N. (1986), A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, Oxford University Press, London.
Majidi M. R. (1975), Guyešhā-ye Pirāmun-e Kashan va Mahallāt [The Dialects of Kashan and Mahallāt], The Academy of Language of Iran, Tehran. (In Persian).
Mayrhofer M. (1963), Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen, Bd. II, Carl Winter, Heidelberg.
MirBaqeri M. S. (2016), Farhang-e Loghat-e Khvānsāri be Farsi [A Khvānsāri to Persian Dictionary], Tehran. (In Persian).
MirMohammadi H. R. (1993), Joqrāfiyā-ye Khvānsār [The Geography of Khvānsār], Tehran. (In Persian).
Moradi M. R. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Kermānšāh) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Kermānšāh Province)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Nyberg H. S. (1974), A Manual of Pahlavi, Vol. 2, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
Paul L. (2008), “Kurdish Language i. History of the Kurdish Language”, Encyclopedia Iranica, available at: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-language-i
Razzāqi S. T. (2016), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Esfahān 3) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Isfahan Province 3)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Sabzalipour J. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Tāti-ye Xalxāl) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Tāti of Xalxāl)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Stilo D. (2007), “Isfahan xxi. Provincial Dialects”, Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. 14, pp. 93–112.
Tasbihi M. H. (1975), Guyeš-e Khvānsāri [Dialect of Khvānsār], Rawalpindi. (In Persian).
Tavernier J. (2007), Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.), Peeters Publishers, Leuven.
Windfuhr G. (1989), “Western Iranian Dialects”, in Schmitt R. (ed.), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 294–5.
Windfuhr G. (1992), “Central Dialects”, Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. 5, pp. 242–52.
Zhukovskij V. A. (1888–1922), Materialy dlja izuchenija persidskih narechij, Sankt-Petersburg. (In Russian).
REFERENCES
Akbarpour J. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Māzandarān 1–2) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Māzandarān Province 1–2)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Aliyari Babolghani S. (2017), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Haft Guyeš az Hašiye-ye Zāgros) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Seven Dialects from the Zagros Periphery)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Amiri H. (2000), Farhang-e Loghāt-e Khvānsār [A Dictionary of Khvānsāri], Paymān, Tehran. (In Persian).
Ashrafi Khvānsāri M. (2004), Guyeš-e Khvānsāri [Khvānsāri Dialect], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran. (In Persian).
Bartholomae, Ch. (1904), Altiranisches Wörterbuch, Karl J. Trübner, Strassburg.
Behju Z. (2005), “Vājšenāsi-ye Guyeš-e Khvānsāri”, Guyeš-šenāsi [“The Phonology of Khvānsāri Dialect”, Dialectology], no. 1, pp. 40–64. (In Persian).
Borjian H. (2013), “Ḵvānsār i. Historical Geography”, Encyclopedia Iranica, available at: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kvansar-i-geography
Borjian H. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Esfahān 2) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Isfahan Province 2)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Cheung J. (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb, Brill, Leiden and Boston.
Durkin-Meisterernst D. (2004), Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian, Turnhout, Brepols.
Edel’man D. I. (2011), Etimologicheskij slovarʹ iranskih jazykov, T. 4, Vostochnaya literatura RAN, Moscow. (In Russian).
Eilers W. and Schapka U. (1976), Westiranische Mundarten aus der Sammlung Wilhelm Eilers, Band I, Die Mundart von Chunsar, Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden.
Esmaili M. M. (2011), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Esfahān 1) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Isfahan Province 1)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Hadank K. (1926), Die Mundarten von Khunsār, Mahallāt, Natänz, Nāyin, Sämnān, Sîvänd und Sô-Kohrûd, Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin and Leipzig.
Hassandoust M. (2011), Farhanf-e Taṭbiqi-Moẓo’i-e Zabanhā va Guyešhā-ye Irāni-ye No [A Comparative-Thematic Dictionary of the New Iranian Languages and Dialects], 2 vols, The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Hassandoust M. (2014), Farhanf-e Rišešenāxti-e Zabān-e Fārsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language], 5 vols, The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Krahanke K. J. (1976), Linguistic Relationships in Central Iran, PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, Michigan.
Lecoq P. (1989), “Les dialectes du centre de l’Iran”, in Schmitt R. (ed.), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 313–26.
MacKenzie D. N. (1986), A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, Oxford University Press, London.
Majidi M. R. (1975), Guyešhā-ye Pirāmun-e Kashan va Mahallāt [The Dialects of Kashan and Mahallāt], The Academy of Language of Iran, Tehran. (In Persian).
Mayrhofer M. (1963), Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen, Bd. II, Carl Winter, Heidelberg.
MirBaqeri M. S. (2016), Farhang-e Loghat-e Khvānsāri be Farsi [A Khvānsāri to Persian Dictionary], Tehran. (In Persian).
MirMohammadi H. R. (1993), Joqrāfiyā-ye Khvānsār [The Geography of Khvānsār], Tehran. (In Persian).
Moradi M. R. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Kermānšāh) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Kermānšāh Province)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Nyberg H. S. (1974), A Manual of Pahlavi, Vol. 2, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
Paul L. (2008), “Kurdish Language i. History of the Kurdish Language”, Encyclopedia Iranica, available at: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-language-i
Razzāqi S. T. (2016), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Ostān-e Esfahān 3) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Isfahan Province 3)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Sabzalipour J. (2015), Ganjina-ye Guyešhā-ye Irāni (Tāti-ye Xalxāl) [A Treasury of Iranian Dialects (Tāti of Xalxāl)], The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran. (In Persian).
Stilo D. (2007), “Isfahan xxi. Provincial Dialects”, Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. 14, pp. 93–112.
Tasbihi M. H. (1975), Guyeš-e Khvānsāri [Dialect of Khvānsār], Rawalpindi. (In Persian).
Tavernier J. (2007), Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.), Peeters Publishers, Leuven.
Windfuhr G. (1989), “Western Iranian Dialects”, in Schmitt R. (ed.), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 294–5.
Windfuhr G. (1992), “Central Dialects”, Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. 5, pp. 242–52.
Zhukovskij V. A. (1888–1922), Materialy dlja izuchenija persidskih narechij, Sankt-Petersburg. (In Russian).