INDIAN ‘WESTERNIZED ELITES’ OF THE SECOND HALF OF 19TH CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY AS A PROBLEM OF SOCIAL HISTORY
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Abstract
The article deals with the new social stratum in India in the second half of 19th century, which is called ‘westernized educated elites’, ‘intelligentsia’, ‘intellectuals’, ‘new middle class’. There are many theoretical problems connecting with this stratum among which criteria of selection, its place in the current social structure and its role in making Indian nation. As had been found, the main criteria which allows to talk about separate group is western education and specific identity, which is based on contradistinctions of oneself from former Mohul aristocracy, vernacular literati and lower social stratums. The group is undercaste, underethnic and underreligious one, that determines its special place in existing social structure. Lastly, the ‘westernized educated elites’ stood at the forefront of Indian nationalism.
How to Cite
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Indian ‘Westernized Elites’, Problem of Social History, Second Half of 19th Century, The Beginning of 20th Century
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Ghosh A. (1997), The Renaissance in India and Other Essays on Indian Culture, Pondicherry.
Joshi S. (2001), Fractured modernity. Making of a Middle Class in Colonial North India, Oxford.
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Kemp T. (1992), “Intelligentsia and Modern Capitalism”, Science and Society, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Summer).
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Rowe L. W. (2007), “Mobility in the Nineteenth-Century Caste System”, in Structure and Change in Indian Society.
Sarkar S. (2002), Fundamentalism, History, Bloomington.
Sarkar S. (2012), Colonial Times: Clocks and Kaliyuga, Bloomington.
Seal А. (1971), The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century, CUP Archive.
Singer M. (1958), “The Great Tradition in the Metropolitan Centre: Madras”, The Journal of American folklore, Vol. 71, No. 281. https://doi.org/10.2307/538567
Srinivas M. N. (1968), Social Change in Modern India, Berkley, Los Angales.
Torri M. (1991), “The Myth of Westernized Middle Class, in The Congress and Indian Nationalism: Historical Perspectives, London.
Varma Pavan K. (2010), Becoming Indian, New Delhi
Varma Pavan K. (2007), The Great Indian Middle Class, New Delhi.