THE CONCEPTION OF THE COSMIC EGG (SWHT) IN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN AND IN THE ORPHIC COSMOVISION
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Abstract
In this paper we examine comparatively from an egyptological, a philosophical and a cosmovisional point of view the role of the cosmic egg in the funerary texts of ancient Egypt (mainly PT, CT and BD) and in the Orphic Hymns and cosmovision. The egg, being an archetype and symbol for new life and regeneration in many cultures, was of a paramount importance in both ancient Egypt and ancient Hellas. In the former we meet at least 67 instances of occurrence of the term egg (swHt) in the main funerary texts of the Pharaonic Period (3 in the PT, 48 in the CT and 16 in the BD), as well as the archetype of the Great Cackler (Ngng-Wr), alluding to the notions of light, new life, air, wind and breathing. In the latter the cosmogonic egg, together with the solar and creator deity Phanēs (Φάνης), is also met in the Orphic lite-rature and mainly in the Orphic Hymn dedicated to this amphisexual deity. We discuss the above and present interesting comparisons, not only between Hellenic and Egyptian divinities, but also between Hellenic and Egyptian parallel notions concerned with Cosmogony. We shed also some more light on BD Chapter 56, concerned with the cosmic egg, as well as on the approxi-mation of the Orphic metaphysical doctrines, proposing in a few cases comparisons (mutatis mutandis) with important notions of modern Cosmology.
How to Cite
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(cosmic) egg (swHt), air, Ancient Egyptian religion & cosmovision, BD), birds, cosmographic metaphors, creation myths, creator-gods, CT, funerary texts (PT, Great Cackler (Ngng-Wr), Heliopolitan & Hermopolitan traditions, heron (bnw), light, modern Cosmology, nest, Orphic Hymns, Orphic religion, Phanēs, Relief of Modena
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Clagett M. (1989), “The World and its Creation: Cosmogony and Cosmology”, Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book, I: Knowledge and Order, Memoirs APS, Vol. 184, Philadelphia, pp. 263–406.
Currid J. D. (1991), “An Examination of the Egyptian Background of the Genesis Cosmogony”, Biblische Zeitschrift, Bd. 35, H. 1, pp. 18–40.
de Garis Davies N. (1917), The Tomb of Nakht at Thebes, Publications of the Metropolitan Museum, New York.
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REFERENCES
Athanassakis A. N. (1977), The Orphic Hymns: Text, Translation and Notes, Scholars Press / The Society for Biblical Literature, Missoula.
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Lloyd G. E. R. (1975), “Greek Cosmologies”, in Blacker C. and Loewe M. (eds.), Ancient Cosmologies, Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 198–224.
Λώλη Σ. (1937), Ἡ Κοσμογονία κατὰ τὴν Ἁγίαν Γραφὴν καὶ τοὺς Ἀρχαίους Ἕλληνας [The Cosmogony according to the Bible and according to the Ancient Hellenes], Θεσσαλονίκη 1937. (In Hellenic).
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Marakhonova S.-A. (1993), “A Version of the Origins of the World in Egyptian, Orphic and Gnostic Cosmogonies”, in Kormysheva E. E. (ed.), Ancient Egypt and Kush: In Memoriam M. A. Korostovtsev, Nauka Oriental Publishers, Moscow, pp. 277–89.
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Maravelia Α. (2014), “Ancient Egyptian Religion & Monotheism: A Meta-Physical & Quantum Mechanical Approach”, Ancient Egyptian Science & Meta-Physics: Quintessence of Religious Allegories, Roots of Scientific Thought: Proceedings of the 1st Egyptological Conference of the Patriarchate of Alexandria: 6th May 2011, Ἑλληνικὸν Ἰνστιτοῦτον Αἰγυπτιολογίας / Journal of the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology, Vol. 2 (2012–2014), Athens, pp. 42–117.
Maravelia A. (2018), “The Thrill of Time through the Ancient Egyptian Religion and Art: Ouroboros as an Archetype for the Meta-Physics of Eternity”, Shodoznavstvo, Vol. 81, pp. 3–43.
Martínez-Nieto R. (2000), La Aurora del Pensamiento Griego: Las Cosmogonías Prefilosóficas de Hesíodo, Alcmán, Ferecides, Epiménides, Museo y la Teogonía Órfica Antigua, Editorial Trotta, Madrid.
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Mead G. R. S. (1992), Thrice-Greatest Hermes: Studies in Hellenistic Theosophy and Gnōsis. Vol. I–III, 2nd Ed., S. Weiser, Maine.
Merkelbach R. (1984), Mithras, Anton Hain, Königstein.
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Morenz S. and Schubert J. (1954), Der Gott auf der Blume: Eine ägyptische Kosmogonie und ihre weltweite Bildwirkung, Verlag Artibus Asiæ, Ascona. https://doi.org/10.2307/1522574
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Notter V. (1974), Biblischer Schöpfungsbericht und ägyptische Schöpfungsmythen, Stuttgarter Bibelstudien, Bd. 68, Verlag Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart.
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