ANCIENT IDENTITY FROM WITHIN: גוי (GOI) OF TORAH WITH ITS SEPTUAGINT AND VULGATE COUNTERPARTS AND ĀRYA OF RIGVEDA
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Abstract
The present paper is devoted to two ancient historical self-identity cases: גוי (goi), as it has been defined in Torah, also its translation in Septuagint and Vulgate versions, and ārya, defined after Rigveda. The following principles form the present research foundations: 1) criteria of identity have been taken from the two sources – Torah and Rigveda; 2) both sources have been researched independently but after the same methodology; 3) the books of Torah, Septuagint and Vulgate have been reviewed to see their understanding of the Old-Hebrew notion ; 4) Torah concept of גוי with its Septuagint and Vulgate versions are compared to Rigvedic ārya. Conclusions: 1) both גוי of Torah and ārya of Rigveda had probably been quite different notions for self-identification with their own criteria (4 mandatory + 2 optional ones and 4 mandatory ones respectively); 2) εθνος of Septuagint (despite of its reasonably different understanding from the point of view of etymology and semantics) had been used as an exact equivalent for גוי of Torah, except for one criterion – “origin from common female ancestor”; 3) Vulgate composers partly followed Septuagint, but translated גוי both as gens and as natio, i.e. as the double equivalent of common general identity notions upon origin and faith. The ārya criterion of “warring against all the others with the help of rituals for to get wealth and land” and absence of “common resident territory” allowed the bearers (Persians and, probably, Mittanians earlier) to install their political domination abroad; 4) the ārya political domination took place without transforming the conquered lands after their own criteria partly (at least) because it did not demand any absolute conversion, i.e. self-organizing after their own unity, as it was marked in Deuteronomy.
How to Cite
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, ārya, εθνος, Torah, Rigveda, Septuagint, self-identifica tion criteria
Elizarenkova T. Ya. (1993), Yazyk i stil’ vediyskikh rishi, Nauka Izd. firma “Vostochnaya literatura”, Moscow. (In Russian).
Elizarenkova T. Ya. (1999), Rigveda. Mandaly I–X, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
Frisk H. (1960), Griechisches Etymologisches Woerterbuch, Bd. 1, Carl Winter, Heidelberg.
Geldner K. F. (1951), Der Rig-Veda. Aus dem Sanskrit ins Deutsche übersetzt und mit einem laufenden Kommentar versehen, Harvard Oriental Series, 33–36, Bd. 1–3, Harvard University Press, Harvard.
Grassmann H. (1955), Wörterbuch zum Rig-Veda, Harrasowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Kammenhuber A. (1968), Die Arier im vorderen Orient, Carl Winter, Heidelberg.
Liddell H. G. and Scott R. (1996), A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Macdonell A. A. and Keith A. B. (1958), Vedic Index of Names and Subjects, Moti Lal Banarsi Dass, Delhi-Varanasi-Patna.
Mayrhofer M. (1956), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen, Bd. 1, Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, Heidelberg.
Militarev A. Yu. (2006), “ גוי. Semitic Etymology Number 1980”, in A. Yu. Militarev. Semitic Etymology – 2006, available at: https://bit.ly/3od7a2R (accessed 10 December 2020).
Ṛgveda Samhitā (1977), with English translation by Svami Satya Prakash Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidyalankar, III, Veda Pratisthana on behalf of the Narendra Mohan Foundation, New Delhi.
Ṛgveda Samhitā (1995), with English Translation by Svami Satya Prakash Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidyalankar, I–XIII, Veda Pratisthana on behalf of the Narendra Mohan Foundation, New Delhi.
Septuaginta (1923), Paulys Real-Encyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft mit Mitwirkung Zahlreicher fachgenossen, herausgegeben von Georg Wissowa. 47 Halfbaende, 4 Zweitereihebaende und 13 Supplementbaende, Stuttgart and Muenchen, 1894–1973. Zweitereiheband 2.
Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (1998), (Hebrew Wordbook) / BibleWorks for Windows 4.0 [Electronic resource] Electronic data and software (645 Mb). ScreenCam Player. Lotus Development Corporation, 1996–1998. 1 CD-Rom.
Westminster Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Morphological Database (1998) / BibleWorks for Windows 4.0 [Electronic resource] Electronic data and software (645 Mb). ScreenCam Player. Lotus Development Corporation, 1996–1998. 1 CD-Rom.
REFERENCES
Elizarenkova T. Ya. (1993), Yazyk i stil’ vediyskikh rishi, Nauka Izd. firma “Vostochnaya literatura”, Moscow. (In Russian).
Elizarenkova T. Ya. (1999), Rigveda. Mandaly I–X, Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
Frisk H. (1960), Griechisches Etymologisches Woerterbuch, Bd. 1, Carl Winter, Heidelberg.
Geldner K. F. (1951), Der Rig-Veda. Aus dem Sanskrit ins Deutsche übersetzt und mit einem laufenden Kommentar versehen, Harvard Oriental Series, 33–36, Bd. 1–3, Harvard University Press, Harvard.
Grassmann H. (1955), Wörterbuch zum Rig-Veda, Harrasowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Kammenhuber A. (1968), Die Arier im vorderen Orient, Carl Winter, Heidelberg.
Liddell H. G. and Scott R. (1996), A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Macdonell A. A. and Keith A. B. (1958), Vedic Index of Names and Subjects, Moti Lal Banarsi Dass, Delhi-Varanasi-Patna.
Mayrhofer M. (1956), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen, Bd. 1, Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, Heidelberg.
Militarev A. Yu. (2006), “ גוי. Semitic Etymology Number 1980”, in A. Yu. Militarev. Semitic Etymology – 2006, available at: https://bit.ly/3od7a2R (accessed 10 December 2020).
Ṛgveda Samhitā (1977), with English translation by Svami Satya Prakash Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidyalankar, III, Veda Pratisthana on behalf of the Narendra Mohan Foundation, New Delhi.
Ṛgveda Samhitā (1995), with English Translation by Svami Satya Prakash Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidyalankar, I–XIII, Veda Pratisthana on behalf of the Narendra Mohan Foundation, New Delhi.
Septuaginta (1923), Paulys Real-Encyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft mit Mitwirkung Zahlreicher fachgenossen, herausgegeben von Georg Wissowa. 47 Halfbaende, 4 Zweitereihebaende und 13 Supplementbaende, Stuttgart and Muenchen, 1894–1973. Zweitereiheband 2.
Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (1998), (Hebrew Wordbook) / BibleWorks for Windows 4.0 [Electronic resource] Electronic data and software (645 Mb). ScreenCam Player. Lotus Development Corporation, 1996–1998. 1 CD-Rom.
Westminster Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Morphological Database (1998) / BibleWorks for Windows 4.0 [Electronic resource] Electronic data and software (645 Mb). ScreenCam Player. Lotus Development Corporation, 1996–1998. 1 CD-Rom.