АРАМЕЙСЬКІ СЛІДИ НА МОНЕТАХ ІРАНСЬКОГО СВІТУ

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  І. Шафії

Анотація

Арамейська мова (мови) в її чотирьох фазах з різними написами на різних матеріалах була знайдена в Ірані (в основному в західній частині країни, де проживали арамейські громади). Сліди арамейської мови в іранському світі збереглися у великій різноманітності на монетах. Крім низки царств, чиї монети несли арамейські фрази, деякі інші просто карбувалися з арамейською легендами і/або використовували ідеограми на своїх монетах. Фактично з III ст. до н. е. і до Х ст. н. е. арамейські слова з арамейськими, пехлевійськими, парфянськими, согдійськими та хораськими легендами використовувалися як ідеограми в карбуванні. Через використання ідеограм неможливо прочитати оригінальну вимову слів, втім цей спадок може ввести концепцію більшої арамейської присутності в іранському світі.
Найбільш ранній тип ідеограм можна знайти на монетах карбування Фраттарки у провінції Парс приблизно з III ст. до н. е., а остання належить буїдському еміру X ст. Рукн аль-Даулу, який правив у Райї (аль-Мухаммадія). Протягом цього періоду, близько 1300 років, деякі династії чеканили свої власні монети з ідеограмами на великій території від Близького Сходу до Трансоксанії, а інші використовували ці монети у своїх регулярних угодах як грошові кошти.
<MLKA> “цар”, <GDE> “пишність” і <BRE> “син” використовуються частіше, ніж інші слова. Використання арамейських ідеограм на арабо-сасанідських монетах має найбільшу різноманітність, і, згідно з написами на цих монетах, вони включали найрізноманітніші слова та фрази, в основному перекладені з арабської на пехлеві.

Як цитувати

Шафії, І. (2018). АРАМЕЙСЬКІ СЛІДИ НА МОНЕТАХ ІРАНСЬКОГО СВІТУ. Сходознавство, (82), 125-166. https://doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2018.82.101
Переглядів статті: 45 | Завантажень PDF: 19

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Ключові слова

ідеограми, іранський світ, арамейська мова, нумізматика, Стародавній Іран

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