АУН САН СУ ЧЖІ. ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ПОРТРЕТ

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

  Д. А. Бродяк

Анотація

Післявоєнна епоха становлення нових незалежних держав Азіатського континенту була часом стрімкого зростання політичного впливу молодих постколоніальних країн, які все частіше очолювали жінки-політики. Лідер демократичної опозиції Бірми / М’янми Аун Сан Су Чжі, як і всі її відомі і не дуже відомі колеги (Індіра Ганді, Беназір Бхутто, Meгаваті Сукарнопутрі, Корасон Акіно та ін.), стала на чолі своєї країни, тому що була донькою визнаного національного лідера – генерала Аун Сана – і на цій підставі дістала від народу політичний кредит довіри у боротьбі зі своїми суперниками в місцевій еліті. Передумовою перемоги Су Чжі в цьому протистоянні стала дивовижна здатність лідера мьянманської опозиції використовувати в політичній боротьбі традиціоналістські уявлення співвітчизників, майстерно знаходячи спільну мову із впливовими колами місцевих і міжнародних еліт.

Як цитувати

Бродяк, Д. А. (2016). АУН САН СУ ЧЖІ. ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ПОРТРЕТ. Сходознавство, (75-76), 16-50. https://doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2016.75-76.016
Переглядів статті: 24 | Завантажень PDF: 13

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Ключові слова

історичний, Аун Сан Су Чжі, портрет

Посилання

Агаджанян А. С. Государство и традиционная политическая культура Бирмы // Государство в докапиталистических обществах Азии. Москва, 1987.

Барышников В. Востоковед Аида Симония – о лидере оппозиции Мьянмы Аун Сан Су Чжи // Радио Свобода. 29.05.2012. – URL: http://www.svoboda.org/content/article/24597226.html

Бывший лидер Мьянмы заявил о поддержке Аун Сан Су Чжи // BBC. 06.12.2015. – URL: http://www.bbc.com/russian/news/2015/12/151206_myanmar_secret_talks

Васильев В. Ф. История Мьянмы / Бирмы. XX век. Москва, 2010.

Заболотный В. М. Лорд Маунтбеттен – последний вице-король Британской Индии (Опыт реконструкции переходного периода от Британской империи к Содружеству наций) // Вестник

Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия “Всеобщая история”. Москва, 2010, № 2.

Ивашенцов Г. А. Мьянманская перестройка: причины, проблемы, перспективы // Международная жизнь, 2016, № 7.

Кауфман А. С. Бирма: идеология и политика. Москва, 1973а.

Кауфман А. С. Идейный путь Аун Сана // Народы Азии и Африки. История, экономика, культура, 1973б, № 3.

Кирьянов О. Оппозиция одержала победу на выборах в Мьянме // Российская газета. 22.11.2015. – URL: http://www.rg.ru/2015/11/22/myanma-site.html

Кирьянов О. Эксперт: Мьянма поверила в красивую сказку про демократию // Российская газета. 10.11.2015. – URL: http://www.rg.ru/2015/11/10/myanma-site.html

Козьма П. Мьянма: почему правящая партия может проиграть выборы? // Regnum. 7.11.2015. – URL: http://regnum.ru/news/polit/2007046.html

Листопадов Н. А. Загадка Су Чжи // Азия и Африка сегодня, 1998, № 1.

Можейко И. В., Узянов А. Н. История Бирмы (краткий очерк). Москва, 1973.

“Недовольство кандидатами от оппозиции идет по всей стране”. Regnum // Irrawaddy. 8.08.2015. – URL: http://regnum.ru/news/polit/1950355.html

Неру Д. Сохранить мир (Выступление по лондонскому радио 12.01.1951) // Неру Д. Внешняя политика Индии. Избранные речи и выступления, 1946–1964. Москва, 1965.

Симония А. А. Властвующая военная элита в Мьянме // Элиты стран Востока. Москва, 2011.

Симония А. А. Парламентские выборы в Мьянме: вектор будущей внешней политики // Юго-Восточная Азия: актуальные проблемы развития. Москва, 2015, № 29.

Ang Chin Geok. Aung San Suu Kyi: Towards a New Freedom. Sydney, 1998.

Aung San Suu Kyi – Biographical. – URL: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1991/kyi-bio.html

Aung San Suu Kyi. Freedom from Fear and Other Writings. New York and London, 2010.

Aung San Suu Kyi. Intellectul life in Burma under Colonialism. Simla, 1990.

Aung Zaw. The Face of Resistance: Aung San Suu Kyi and Burma’s Fight for Freedom. Chiang Mai, 2013.

Burma and the role of Burmese women. Documentation and Research Centre All Burma Students’ Democratic Front. 31.07.1995. – URL: http://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/199510/msg

html

Burma’s former ‘Economic czar’ on a short leash. The Irrawaddy. 11.2006. Volume 14. No. 11. – URL: http://www2.irrawaddy.com/print_article.php?art_id=6439

Clements A. Burma: The Next Killing Field. Michigan, 1992.

Daw Aung San Suu Kyi arrested // Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily). Vol. III. No. 7. July 1989.

Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (father U Aung San) granted pardon // The New light of Myanmar. 14.11.2010.

‘Don’t be so impatient’. A military leader asks for understanding // Asiaweek. 07.12.1997. Retrieved 15.04.2012. – URL: http://wwwcgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0403/nat6.html

Election Returns // Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily). Vol. IV. No. 6. June 1990.

Gore-Booth P. H. With Great Truth and Respect. London, 1974.

Hoge W. Michael V. Aris, 53, dies; scholarly husband of Laureate // The New York Times. 30.03.1999. – URL: http://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/30/world/michael-v-aris-53-dies-scholarly.

of-laureate.html

Houtman G. Mental culture in Burmese crisis politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy. Tokyo University of Foreing Studies, Institute for the study of languages. Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. Monograph Series. 1999. No. 33.

I could do business with Aung San by Fild (Marshall Sir William Slim) // Aung San of Burma. New Haven, 1962.

Hluttaw eyes fixing repressive laws // Myanmar Times. 10.05.2016. – URL: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/nationalnews/nay-pyi-taw/20194-hluttaw-.

I voted for party which serves the people: Khin Nyunt // Irrawaddy. 01.04.2012. – URL: http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/i-votedfor-party-which-serves-the-people-.

In his own words: the rise and fall of Khin Nyunt // Bangkok Post. 08.04.2012. – URL: http://www.bangkokpost.com/archive/inhis-own-words-the-rise-and-fall-of-.

Interview with Burma’s Ma Thanegi // New Mandala. 02.03.2008. – URL: http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2008/03/02/interview-with-burma.

Lintner B. Outrage: Burma’s Struggle for Democracy. London, 1990. https://doi.org/10.2307/1982612

Lubina M. Pani Birmy. Biografia polityczna Aung San Suu Kyi. Warszawa, 2015.

Martyrs’ Day makes strides for national reconciliation // Myanmar Times. 20.07.2016. – URL: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.

php/national-news/yangon/21470-martyrs-day-makes-strides-for-national-reconciliation.html

Mauntbetten of Burma. Report of the Combined Chiefs of Staff by the Suprime allied Commander, South-East Asia 1943–1945. London, 1951, Vol. 15, Iss. 3.

Myanmar’s speaker Shwe Mann says he’ll contest Presidency // Radio Free Asia. 10.06.2013. – URL: http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/shwe-mann-06102013161202.html

Multi-party elections called // Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily). Vol. II. No. 8. August 1988.

Nash M. The Golden Road to Modernity. Chicago, 1965.

Ne Win’s speech // Burma Press Summary (from the Working People Daily). Vol. II. No. 7. July 1988.

NLD patronage may offer Shwe Mann political lifeline // Irrawaddy. 04.02.2016. – URL: http://www.irrawaddy.com/commentary/nld-patronage-may-offer-shwe-mann-po.

NLD proposes merging economic ministries into powerhouses // Myanmar Times. 23.03.2016. – URL: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/19540-nld-proposes-merging-eco.

Parliament votes to scrap Emergency Provisions Act // Myanmar Times. 05.10.2016. – URL: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/22913-parliament-scraps-e.

Obama pledges to remove nearly all remaining US economic sanctions // Myanmar Times. 16.09.2016. – URL: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/22569-obama-pledges-to-re.

Oppositionists address rallies // Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily). Vol. II. No. 8-A. August (2) 1988.

Popham P. The Lady and the Peacock: The Life of Aung San Suu Kyi. London, 2011.

Press brifing Aung San Suu Kyi in Yangon, Myanmar. 14.11.2010. https://doi.org/10.2307/2263003

President revokes State Protection Law // Eleven Myanmar. 27.05.2016. – URL: http://elevenmyanmar.com/politics/president-revokes-state-protection-law

Roadmap to democracy: crucial turning point in Myanmar’s history // The Myanmar Times. Vol. 10. No. 181. 1–7 September. 2003. – URL: http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/MT181.htm

Roger Louis W. Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization. London, New-York, 2006.

Sorokin P. Russua and the United States. New York, 1944.

‘State Counselor’ bill signed, creating powerful position for Suu Kyi // Irrawaddy. 07.04.2016. – URL: http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/state-counselor-bill-signed-creating-powe.

Stewart W. Aung San Suu Kyi: Fearless Voice of Burma. Minneapolis, 1996.

Student killed in riot // Burma press summary (from The Working people Daily). Vol. II. No. 3. March 1988.

Suu Kyi pays tribute to her mother // The Irrawaddy. 27.12.2010. – URL: http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=20420

The 93rd State LORC press conference // Burma press summary (from The Working people Daily). Vol. IV. No. 6. June 1990.

U Htin Kyaw: from computer science grad to NLD loyalist // Myanmar Times. 23.03.2016. – URL: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/nay-pyi-taw/19423-u-htin-.

Victor B. The Lady: Aung San Suu Kyi, Nobel Laureate and Burma’s Prisoner. NewYork, 1999.

Who’s who: Myanmar’s new cabinet // Myanmar Times. 23.03.2016. – URL: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/nationalnews/nay-pyi-taw/19609-who-s-wh.

REFERENCES

Agadzhanyan A. S. (1987), “Gosudarstvo i traditsionnaya politicheskaya kul’tura Birmy”, in Gosudarstvo v dokapitalisticheskikh obshchestvakh Azii, Moscow. (In Russian).

Baryshnikov V. (2012), “Vostokoved Aida Simoniya – o lidere oppozitsii M’yanmy Aun San Su Chzhi”, in Radio Svoboda, available at: http://www.svoboda.org/content/article/24597226.html (accessed 29 May 2012) (In Russian).

“Byvshiy lider M’yanmy zayavil o podderzhke Aun San Su Chzhi” in BBC, available at: http://www.bbc.com/russian/news/2015/12/151206_myanmar_secret_talks (accessed 06 December 2015) (In Russian).

Vasil’yev V. F. (2010), Istoriya M’yanmy / Birmy. XX vek, Moscow. (In Russian).

Zabolotnyy V. M. (2010), “Lord Mauntbetten – posledniy vitse-korol’ Britanskoy Indii (Opyt rekonstruktsii perekhodnogo perioda ot Britanskoy imperii k Sodruzhestvu natsiy)”, Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov, Seriya “Vseobshchaya istoriya”, Moscow, No. 2. (In Russian).

Ivashentsov G. A. (2016), “M’yanmanskaya perestroyka: prichiny, problemy, perspektivy”, Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn’, No. 7. (In Russian).

Kaufman A. S. (1973a), Birma: ideologiya i politika, Moscow. (In Russian).

Kaufman A. S. (1973b), “Ideynyy put’ Aun Sana”, Narody Azii i Afriki. Istoriya, ekonomika, kul’tura, No. 3. (In Russian).

Kir’yanov O. (2015), “Oppozitsiya oderzhala pobedu na vyborakh v M’yanme”, Rossiyskaya gazeta, available at: http://www.rg.ru/2015/11/22/myanma-site.html (accessed 22 November 2015) (In Russian).

Kir’yanov O.(2015), “Ekspert: M’yanma poverila v krasivuyu skazku pro demokratiyu”, Rossiyskaya gazeta, available at: http://www.rg.ru/2015/11/10/myanma-site.html (accessed 10 November 2015). (In Russian).

Koz’ma P. (2015), “M’yanma: pochemu pravyashchaya partiya mozhet proigrat’ vybory?”, in Regnum, available at: http://regnum.ru/news/polit/2007046.html (accessed 7 November 2015. (In Russian).

Listopadov N. A. (1998), “Zagadka Su Chzhi”, Aziya i Afrika segodnya, No. 1. (In Russian).

Mozheyko I. V. and Uzyanov A. N. (1973), Istoriya Birmy (kratkiy ocherk), Moscow. (In Russian).

“Nedovol’stvo kandidatami ot oppozitsii idet po vsey strane”, in Regnum // Irrawaddy, available at: http://regnum.ru/news/polit/1950355.html (accessed 8 August 2015. (In Russian).

Neru D. (1965), “Sokhranit’ mir” (Vystupleniye po londonskomu radio), in D. Neru, Vneshnyaya politika Indii, Izbrannyye rechi i vystupleniya, 1946–1964, Moscow. (accessed 12.01.1951) (In Russian).

Simoniya A. A. (2011), “Vlastvuyushchaya voyennaya elita v M’yanme”, in Elity stran Vostoka, Moscow. (In Russian).

Simoniya A. A. (2015), “Parlamentskiye vybory v M’yanme: vektor budushchey vneshney politiki”, Yugo-Vostochnaya Aziya: aktual’nyye problemy razvitiya, No. 29. (In Russian).

Ang Chin Geok (1998), Aung San Suu Kyi: Towards a New Freedom, Sydney.

Aung San Suu Kyi – Biographical, available at: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1991/kyi-bio.html

Aung San Suu Kyi (2010), Freedom from Fear and Other Writings, New York, London.

Aung San Suu Kyi (1990), Intellectul life in Burma under Colonialism, Simla.

Aung Zaw (2013), The Face of Resistance: Aung San Suu Kyi and Burma’s Fight for Freedom, Chiang Mai.

Burma and the role of Burmese women (1995), Documentation and Research Centre All Burma Students’ Democratic Front, available at: http://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/199510/msg00070.html (accessed 31 July 1995).

“Burma’s former ‘Economic czar’ o­n a short leash” (2006), in The Irrawaddy, Volume 14, No. 11, available at: http://www2.irrawaddy.com/print_article.php?art_id=6439 (accessed November 2006).

Clements A. (1992), Burma: The Next Killing Field, Michigan.

“Daw Aung San Suu Kyi arrested” (1989), Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily), Vol. III, No. 7, July.

“Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (father U Aung San) granted pardon”, in The New light of Myanmar, (accessed 14 November 2010).

“‘Don’t be so impatient’. A military leader asks for understanding” (1997), Asiaweek, 07.12.1997, available at: http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0403/nat6.html (accessed 15 April 2012)

“Election Returns” (1990), in Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily), Vol. IV, No. 6, June.

Gore-Booth P. H. (1974), With Great Truth and Respect, London.

Hoge W. (1999), “Michael V. Aris, 53, dies; scholarly husband of Laureate”, The New York Times, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/30/world/michael-v-aris-53-dies-scholarly. (accessed 30 March 1999)

Houtman G. (1999), Mental culture in Burmese crisis politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy, Tokyo University of Foreing Studies, Institute for the study of languages, Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Monograph Series, No. 33.

“I could do business with Aung San by Fild (Marshall Sir William Slim)” (1962), in Aung San of Burma, New Haven.

“Hluttaw eyes fixing repressive laws” (2016), in Myanmar Times, available at: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/nay-pyi-taw/20194-hluttaw-eyes-fixing-repressive-laws.html (accessed 10 May 2016).

“I voted for party which serves the people: Khin Nyunt” (2012), Irrawaddy, available at: http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/i-votedfor-party-which-serves-the-people-. (accessed 01 April 2012).

“In his own words: the rise and fall of Khin Nyunt” (2012), Bangkok Post, available at: http://www.bangkokpost.com/archive/in-his-own-words-the-rise-and-fall-of-khin-nyunt/287955 (accessed 08 April 2012).

“Interview with Burma’s Ma Thanegi” (2008), New Mandala, available at: http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2008/03/02/interview-with-burmas-ma-thanegi/ (accessed 02 March 2008).

Lintner B. (1990), Outrage: Burma’s Struggle for Democracy, London.

Lubina M. (2015), Pani Birmy. Biografia polityczna Aung San Suu Kyi, Warszawa.

“Martyrs’ Day makes strides for national reconciliation” (2016), Myanmar Times, available at: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/yangon/21470-martyrs-day-makes-strides-for-national-reconciliation.html (accessed 20 July 2016).

Mauntbetten of Burma (1951), Report of the Combined Chiefs of Staff by the Suprime allied Commander, South-East Asia 1943–1945, London, Vol. 15, Iss. 3. https://doi.org/10.2307/1982612

“Myanmar’s speaker Shwe Mann says he’ll contest Presidency” (2013), Radio Free Asia, available at: http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/shwe-mann-06102013161202.html (accessed 10 June 2013).

“Multi-party elections called” (1988), in Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily), Vol. II, No. 8, August.

Nash M. (1965), The Golden Road to Modernity, Chicago.

“Ne Win’s speech” (1988), in Burma Press Summary (from the Working People Daily), Vol. II, No. 7, July.

“NLD patronage may offer Shwe Mann political lifeline” (2016), Irrawaddy, available at: http://www.irrawaddy.com/commentary/nld-patronage-may-offer-shwe-mann-political-lifeline.html (accessed 04 February 2016).

“NLD proposes merging economic ministries into powerhouses” (2016), Myanmar Times, available at: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/19540-nld-proposes-merging-economic-ministries-into-powerhouses.html (accessed 23 March 2016).

“Parliament votes to scrap Emergency Provisions Act” (2016), Myanmar Times, available at: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/22913-parliament-scraps-emergency-provisions-act.html (accessed 05 October 2016).

“Obama pledges to remove nearly all remaining US economic sanctions” (2016), Myanmar Times, available at: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/22569-obama-pledges-to-remove-nearly-all-remaining-us-economic-sanctions.html (accessed 16 September 2016).

“Oppositionists address rallies” (1988), in Burma Press Summary (from the Working people Daily), Vol. II, No. 8-A, August (2).

Popham P. (2011), The Lady and the Peacock: The Life of Aung San Suu Kyi, London.

“Press brifing Aung San Suu Kyi in Yangon” (2010), Myanmar,14.11.2010.

“President revokes State Protection Law” (2016), Eleven Myanmar, available at: http://elevenmyanmar.com/politics/president-revokes-state-protection-law (accessed 27 May 2016).

“Roadmap to democracy: crucial turning point in Myanmar’s history” (2003), The Myanmar Times, Vol. 10, No. 181, 1–7 September, available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/MT181.htm

Roger Louis W. (2006), Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization, London, New-York.

Sorokin P. (1944), Russua and the United States, New York. https://doi.org/10.2307/2263003

“‘State Counselor’ bill signed, creating powerful position for Suu Kyi”, Irrawaddy, available at: http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/state-counselor-bill-signed-creating-powe. (accessed 07 April 2016).

Stewart W. (1996), Aung San Suu Kyi: Fearless Voice of Burma, Minneapolis.

“Student killed in riot” (1988), Burma press summary (from The Working people Daily), Vol. II, No. 3, March.

“Suu Kyi pays tribute to her mother” (2010), The Irrawaddy, available at: http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=20420 (accessed 27 Desember 2010)

“The 93rd State LORC press conference” (1990), Burma press summary (from The Working people Daily), Vol. IV, No. 6, June.

“U Htin Kyaw: from computer science grad to NLD loyalist” (2016), Myanmar Times, available at: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/nay-pyi-taw/19423-u-htin-kyaw-from-computer-science-grad-to-nld-loyalist.html (accessed 23 March 2016).

Victor B. (1999), The Lady: Aung San Suu Kyi, Nobel Laureate and Burma’s Prisoner, New York.

“Who’s who: Myanmar’s new cabinet” (2016), Myanmar Times, available at: http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/nay-pyi-taw/19609-who-s-who-myanmar-s-new-cabinet.html (accessed 23 March 2016).